1.基督教派不是对此问题并没有歧见,而是因为天主之母问题质疑天主教:是否以为馬利亞高於耶穌?
2.聂斯 ...
刘幼民 发表于 2010-5-17 23:42
1. 新教教派没有人否认天主之母这一称呼是事实,因为新教教派也不能完全一股脑的否定众多教父们的确定意见,因此名称而进一步质疑天主教此乃发挥而已,因为他们一向欲以贬低玛利亚在救恩史中的地位。借天主之母名称来演绎实属借题发挥无聊之极。
2. 聂斯多略的错误根本点不在否认玛利亚为天主之母,而在于分裂耶稣的天主性与人性,耶稣不仅有两性,还有两个位格。也是由于这个根本性错误才逻辑推出了玛利亚只能生耶稣的肉体。可是,他没有理解天主之母这个称呼并不意味着玛利亚生了耶稣的天主性,厄弗所大公会议所定也没有说玛利亚生了天主,而是确定玛利亚所生的这位,是天主性与人性合一的耶稣,因此,玛利亚不仅仅是耶稣人性之母,玛利亚在孕育耶稣之时,她所孕育的是两性合在一位上的耶稣,而这个孕育不是天主父“生”圣子的“生”,这个“生”是描述性(analog)的。
共同声明中,首先谈到了双方的共同信仰:尼西亚信经里的信条,继而坚持那位由玛利亚所生的耶稣的人性与天主性的不可分离(The Word of God, second Person of the Holy Trinity, became incarnate by the power of the Holy Spirit in assuming from the holy Virgin Mary a body animated by a rational soul, with which he was indissolubly united from the moment of his conception),此两性互不混淆又互不分离。
下面一段才是最重要的一部分,为了不至于引发混淆和歧见,我们引述英文如下:
Christ therefore is not an "ordinary man" whom God adopted in order to reside in him and inspire him, as in the righteous ones and the prophets. But the same God the Word, begotten of his Father before all worlds without beginning according to his divinity, was born of a mother without a father in the last times according to his humanity. The humanity to which the Blessed Virgin Mary gave birth always was that of the Son of God himself. That is the reason why the Assyrian Church of the East is praying the Virgin Mary as "the Mother of Christ our God and Saviour". In the light of this same faith the Catholic tradition addresses the Virgin Mary as "the Mother of God" and also as "the Mother of Christ". We both recognize the legitimacy and rightness of these expressions of the same faith and we both respect the preference of each Church in her liturgical life and piety.
在这一段中,首先肯定了耶稣不是一个普普通通的人,他也是天主寓居在他内的那位。因此玛利亚所生的那位的人性也总是同一天主之子 (The humanity to which the Blessed Virgin Mary gave birth always was that of the Son of God himself.)。“这就是为什么东方叙利亚教会尊敬贞女圣母玛利亚为‘我们的天主和救主耶稣基督的母亲’,根据同一信仰天主教传统尊颂贞女玛利亚为‘天主之母’,同时也为‘基督之母’。…… 我们也尊重各教会在其礼仪生活和宗教虔诚中有其侧重点及偏爱之处”。东方叙利亚教会所尊称的与天主教会传统所尊颂的名号都是“合法和正确的 (egitimacy and rightness)”。
至此,天主教会与东方叙利亚教会互相承认为“兄弟教会”,以使能达至圆满的共融。但在尚未达到此一目的之前,还不能共同举行感恩圣祭。Living by this faith and these sacraments, it follows as a consequence that the particular Catholic churches and the particular Assyrian churches can recognize each other as sister Churches. To be full and entire, communion presupposes the unanimity concerning the content of the faith, the sacraments and the constitution of the Church. Since this unanimity for which we aim has not yet been attained, we cannot unfortunately celebrate together the Eucharist which is the sign of the ecclesial communion already fully restored.
那么,1994年11月11日的共同声明取消以往历史的裁定,恰恰就是为了能使双方迈向合一,不幸的是,由于一些人不看声明原文,擅自演绎,终于演变成天主教会放弃天主之母的称号而改认基督之母称号的荒诞辞令。
为了能迈向合一,放弃以往的绝罚令是必须的,但是在一些暂时还无法调和的问题上,双方在声明中的用语是极其谨慎的,比如天主教会与信义宗有关成义的联合声明中,阐述了双方都认可的共同信理后,便使用天主教会认为……,信义宗教会认为……,诸如此类的话语来陈述双方的分歧。
天主教与叙利亚教会的联合声明可以参考这里:
http://www.vatican.va/holy_fathe ... ristologica_en.html |