[证据确凿]共产主义就是反法律、反伦理道德、反文化的
《共产主义宣言》第一节写到:
In the condition of the proletariat, those of old society at large are already virtually swamped. The proletarian is without property; his relation to his wife and children has no longer anything in common with the bourgeois family relations; modern industry labour, modern subjection to capital, the same in England as in France, in America as in Germany, has stripped him of every trace of national character. Law, morality, religion, are to him so many bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests.
译文:
在无产阶级的生活条件中,旧社会的生活条件已经被消灭了。无产者是没有财产的;他们和妻子儿女的关系同资产阶级的家庭关系再没有任何共同之处了;现代的工业劳动,现代的资本压迫,无论在英国或法国,无论在美国或德国,都是一样的,都使无产者失去了任何民族性。法律、道德、宗教,在他们看来全都是资产阶级偏见,隐藏在这些偏见后面的全都是资产阶级利益。
《共产主义宣言》第二节写到:
“Undoubtedly,” it will be said, “religious, moral, philosophical, and juridical ideas have been modified in the course of historical development. But religion, morality, philosophy, political science, and law, constantly survived this change.”
“There are, besides, eternal truths, such as Freedom, Justice, etc., that are common to all states of society. But Communism abolishes eternal truths, it abolishes all religion, and all morality, instead of constituting them on a new basis; it therefore acts in contradiction to all past historical experience.”
What does this accusation reduce itself to? The history of all past society has consisted in the development of class antagonisms, antagonisms that assumed different forms at different epochs.
But whatever form they may have taken, one fact is common to all past ages, viz., the exploitation of one part of society by the other. No wonder, then, that the social consciousness of past ages, despite all the multiplicity and variety it displays, moves within certain common forms, or general ideas, which cannot completely vanish except with the total disappearance of class antagonisms.
The Communist revolution is the most radical rupture with traditional property relations; no wonder that its development involved the most radical rupture with traditional ideas.
译文:
“但是”,有人会说,“宗教的、道德的、哲学的、政治的、法律的观念等等在历史发展的进程中固然是不断改变的,而宗教、道德、哲学、政治和法在这种变化中却始终保存着。
此外,还存在着一切社会状态所共有的永恒的真理,如自由、正义等等。但是共产主义要废除永恒真理,它要废除宗教、道德,而不是加以革新,所以共产主义是同至今的全部历史发展进程相矛盾的。”
这种责难归结为什么呢?至今的一切社会的历史都是在阶级对立中运动的,而这种对立在各个不同的时代具有不同的形式。
但是,不管阶级对立具有什么样的形式,社会上一部分人对另一部分人的剥削却是过去各个世纪所共有的事实。因此,毫不奇怪,各个世纪的社会意识,尽管形形色色、千差万别,总是在某些共同的形式中运动的,这些形式,这些意识形式,只有当阶级对立完全消失的时候才会完全消失。
共产主义革命就是同传统的所有制关系实行最彻底的决裂;毫不奇怪,它在自己的发展进程中要同传统的观念实行最彻底的决裂。
英文来自:
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works...festo/index.htm
中译文来自:
http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/marxists/chinese/01/01.htm |